Since the images that a digital camera captures is in electronic form, it is a language recognized by computers. This language is called pixels, tiny colored dots represented by ones and zeros that make up the picture that you just took. Just like any conventional cameras, a digital camera is furnished with a series of lenses that focus the light and creates the image that you want to capture. The difference here is then; a conventional camera focuses its light on a film while a digital camera focuses the light into a semiconductor device that electronically records the light. Remember the built in computer, it comes in here and breaks this information to digital data resulting to all the features of the digital camera.

Another feature of the digital camera is that it has a sensor that converts light into electrical charges. A charge coupled device or CCD is an image sensor that is found in a digital camera. While other low-end digital camera use complementary metal oxide semiconductor or CMOS as an image device, it can still become better and more famous in the future but most engineers are do not believe that it can replace the CCD for higher-end digital cameras.

A collection of tiny diodes, the CCD gathers electrons when they are struck by photons or the light particles. Each diode or photosite is sensitive to light, meaning that the brighter the light, the number of the electrons gathering will be larger

The price of a digital camera nowadays have been depreciating, one of the main reasons of this is because of the introduction of CMOS image sensors, this is because CMOS sensors are less expensive and are easier to manufacture than CCD sensors. A CCD and CMOS sensor works the same way at first, by converting the light electrical charges into photosites. Simply putting it, is to think that a digital camera works in such a way as thinking that the millions of tiny solar cells, each of which forms a part of the whole image. Both CCD and CMOS do this task using different methods.

When shopping for the best digital camera, take note of these key features.

Image quality. Check the resolution of the camera. The higher the resolution, the more thou will be able to enlarge your picture without the grainy or the out-of-focus effect that we all want to avoid.

Lens. Choose a digital camera with better digital zoom. The digital zoom of the camera will enable you take the pixels from the image sensor and incorporate them to make an image.
Power. Always opt for rechargeable batteries, they can always come in handy, plus you don’t waste as much money on the disposable ones.

Options. So you can brag to your friends how good a photographer or artist you are. Or choose the one that gives options that best cater to your lifestyle, so you won’t ever whine how you never get the right pictures.

Memory.  If you’re a photo freak, be sure that you have enough memory in your camera to take all the wacky, freaky, funny and just about any photo you can. Think 512MB if you’re a photo junkie and takes pictures of just about anything.

Computer Interface. Always make sure that it is compatible with your PC, laptop, palmtop or whatever your local picture printer software is, you don’t want to go running around the whole state or the country looking for a computer that’s compatible with your digital camera, wont you?!

Physical. If you are going to be bringing it everywhere, choose a handy and portable digital camera. This way, it won’t always feel as heavy and bulky as those cameras that you see professional photographers are always dragging on their neck. Don’t they ever get tired of that?!

These are just the basic things you have to look for in a digital camera when you buy one. A digital camera is so great that it is quickly replacing all conventional cameras in the market, with all its technology and portability, truly the digital camera is the future of cameras.

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 An underwater digital camera is not just used to capture underwater memories; some professional marine photographers also use underwater digital cameras in their business. Even marine biologists and scientists use underwater digital cameras to capture marine life and thus be able to study the life and properties of the marine life. But I think it is safe to assume that you, my reader, are neither a marine scientist nor a professional photographer. Like me, you are just some photo junkie who wants to capture underwater moments and just cant figure out how without ruining your cameras.

Please listen to me when I say that even waterproof cameras cannot withstand underwater photography. To be waterproof is to resist the water in certain levels, submerging in under the water to get the perfect shot is like throwing it out of the window expecting a pick-up truck to pass by and run over it.

Now if you’re really serious about using an underwater digital camera to capture those wacky and funny moments underwater, I suggest that you buy specialty cameras.

There are rarely underwater digital cameras, as cameras are electronic and cannot withstand water and water pressure. The closest electronics has ever got to producing underwater digital cameras are producing underwater casings for digital cameras. These casing will turn your conventional digital camera into an underwater digital camera.

If you are shooting with your underwater digital camera, you need to take note of a few things to help you come up with the best images underwater.

Remember that as you farther under water, light diffuses. This means that your underwater digital camera will produce images darker than those images you took while on land – this is because of the light diffusion the red spectrum seems darker. To avoid this, use white balance come up with natural colors. Also, pictures taken underwater will come up larger than pictures taken on land with the same zoom effect. Be sure to check your underwater digital camera’s viewfinder to check the right picture angle and size that you want.

An underwater digital camera with its built-in flash will produce marine show phenomenon. It is a phenomenon wherein your pictures come out as blurry and with white particles floating above it, to avoid this phenomenon it is advisable to use external flash for your underwater digital camera.

Before using your underwater digital camera, submerge the camera in the water first for several seconds then check if there are leaks through the case. Make sure that no grain of sand or piece of hair is stuck in between the seal to make sure that water will not permeate the case and thus wet your camera in the process. It is also advisable to put silica gel or two inside the case of your underwater digital camera as long as they don’t disturb the camera’s operation. (Silica gel will keep the moisture from forming inside your camera case.)

Most underwater digital cameras come with optional lenses. Don’t be afraid to add these lenses to your underwater digital camera kit. Macro lenses will help you capture small things without getting too close and startling your subject.

Also, remember to always wash of salt when you’ve used it under salt water. If the salts are not washed off, in time they will crystallize; act as sands and cause leaks for your camera case. In cases when sands seem to get into the case, they are better washed off with streams of water.

Check out Sony, Nikon and Canon’s website for available underwater cases for your digital cameras.

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For the average tourist, grandparent, or digital camera-phobe, the Casio Exilim EX-Z9 should be enough to make the grade. Easy to navigate menus and settings, especially clearly marked Best Shot scene modes Images noisy above ISO 200; ISO 800 and 1,600 (only available in Anti-Shake and High Sensitivity modes) shots not suitable for printing LCD’s resolution should be higherSome purple fringing in areas of high contrastHard to operate zoom rocker when one-handing cameraSome softness in corners of photosDivX movie playback not supported on Mac operating systems”Old Photo” mode decreases sharpness and increases noiseLimited User ManualPrints only good to 8×10; not great for croppingA slight watercolor look to images due to anti-noise processing that destroys detail. It has a wonky zoom toggle design, a low resolution LCD screen, and it also takes beautiful images.

Combining a slim-lined body with amazing High Speed features, the EX-FS10 is the perfect camera for capturing your friends and family at play. No other prosumer camera has faster shutter-speeds, and no other prosumer camcorder has anything close to its ultra-high frame-rates. Today’s Casio OfferingsCasio primarily offers digital cameras for the beginning photographer and consumer markets, although the company does offers some high-speed models for more advanced photographers. Most of these models can shoot a dozen or more still images per second, and they can shoot high-speed movies, too. You can snap a still while filming video, and you can also change slow-mo speeds while filming, flipping between 30 and 210 frames per second with the touch of a button.

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If you are interested in selling stock photos at agencies, one of the first hurdles you will face is getting the images you submit approved for sale by those agencies. Different agencies will have different criteria by which they judge your photos, of course, but here are a few tips to help get your photos approved with most stock photo agencies:

1) Submit photos with an image resolution of at least 5 mega pixels. Better quality photos can be used for more applications, so you should shoot the photos you plan on submitting to stock photo agencies at a high resolution.

2) Do not submit too many photos at once. Keep the total number of photographs you submit at once to less than 50. Remember, a real human will be reviewing each and every photograph, and they are more likely to reject your photos if they feel like you are spamming the submission system.

3) Attach appropriate keyword tags, but not too many. Keywords are very important for the photos being found by prospective buyers, but too many keywords will look like spam and raise the probability of their being rejected.

4) Edit the images as little as possible. Using Adobe Photoshop or other applications to “improve” the photographs actually decreases the overall quality of the photo, so use these applications as little as possible. Instead, aim to take good photos that do not need editing later.

5) Submit quality photos. Get the light right, make sure they are in focus, use a tripod if necessary. Learn the basics of digital photography to make sure your photos are as good as they can be!

To learn more about how to successfully sell your photographs online, checkout the Camera Dollars 2.0 System.

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Gifts are becoming more expensive year after year. You’re constantly looking for bargains and sales on smart phones, electronic toys, jewelry, clothing and accessories. By the time the Holidays are over, you are more in debt than before and the stress is creating havoc on your health. It’s great to be generous to your loved ones and friends, however don’t lose sight of your health; financial and otherwise.

How about creating a portrait of a favorite pet? When you’re visiting family and friends, who have pets, try to discreetly take some photos of the little one. Then buy some canvas blocks; you can decide which sizes would be best. With the help of the internet learn how to transfer the photos onto the blocks to make them truly a unique gift. The amazement on their faces will surely prove to you that you have given them a gift they will treasure for many years to come.

Of course you don’t have to stop with the family pet; you can do the same with their children. Just remember to take these photos discreetly. You don’t want to have people after you wondering what you are doing.

If you want to be even more unique, try to transform the photos into a ‘Warhol-like’ creation. It’s amazing what can be done with a little imagination.

If you are more artistically inclined, use your photos as ‘models’ of what you want to create, whether it is a portrait or some other unique presentation.

You can even create beautiful Christmas decorations using your camera. Photos can be made into wreaths, hung on stockings for gift identification, even table placemats so your guests know where to sit. Once you get into the ‘flow’ it’s amazing what you will come up with.

Who knows; you might even be starting a small home business with these creations. You never know until you do it.

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You’ll no doubt be entering the festive season with a series of dates booked in your diary for office parties, school pantos along with Christmas and New Year celebrations. Your digital camera is ideal for these social times, because you can show the pictures as soon as you take them and you can send them to your friends and relatives around the world with ease. You could even turn your photos into presents or how about sending your own personalised Christmas card?

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So with your camera in hand lets look at how you can create a great Christmas photo.
The first thing to do is capture the picture and most digital cameras make the job easy. If you’re new to photography, simply select a Program mode and the camera takes all the exposure technicalities out of your hands, leaving you to concentrate on the portrait.

For indoor shots some cameras have the appropriately titled Party or portrait Mode. These ensure the camera’s flash fires to make the picture bright. All you have to do then is get the person to look good in the photo. When photographing children you’ll find they tend to smile unnaturally or pull a face when asked to pose, but there are ways around this to ensure you capture a more natural expression.

One tip I use is to ask them to look into the lens to find the “camera genie”. This obviously only works with younger children! They’ll start to stare intensely into the lens. Joke about the genie to make them smile or laugh and press the shutter. Not only will you get a better expression, but you’ll also find the eye contact perfect.

Most cameras have a red-eye reduction mode that fires a pre-flash to reduce the devil-inducing effect. Make sure this is switched on and showing a small eye icon on the LCD panel.

When you become more experienced try turning the flash off and using natural light from the window or room lighting. The mode appears as a small lightning symbol with line through it. Window light will cast a shadow on the unlit side of the portrait which can be reduce effectively using tin foil, spray mounted onto a large sheet of card. Position this reflector so it points at the subject from the shadow side. As you move the card you’ll see light reflect onto the person and the shadows disappear.

A question of balance
If you take pictures using room lighting you may need to switch the camera to a different white balance setting. This is usually automatic, but you can manually correct by setting the light bulb option when the pictures are coming out too yellow. You can also override auto to force a colour cast. A photo of children blowing out candles on a Christmas cake will look better with its natural orange colours.

With more experience, you’ll be able to switch to manual exposure mode and set the exposure to suit the subject. The exposure from the candles will make the background dark. Using the manual exposure setting or exposure compensation will improve the lighting and you can check the result using the LCD.

If you go into manual or aperture priority and select a large aperture, you can reduce the sharpness of the background to make your subject stand out.

Try using the camera’s zoom lens at the telephoto setting to magnify the subject and home in tightly on the face. Entry-level cameras have a 2x zoom while more sophisticated models have more powerful ranges often up as high as 8x.

Snow fun
The first sign of snow and children will be out sledging, building snowmen and throwing snowballs. Take this opportunity to get some great candid pictures (see our candid feature for some great ideas). But watch out for the pitfalls, snow is very bright and will fool the camera. We explained how to overcome this using your camera manually in an earlier article. The latest Nikon Coolpix cameras have a useful program scene mode called Snow that compensates automatically ensuring the snow appears lovely and white.

You could also consider using fill-flash by switching the flash on and forcing it to fire. This will ensure harsh shadows from reflective snow or bright sunlight don’t appear black across the face.

With all your pictures safely captured it’s time to share them. In the package that came with your camera you’re likely to find a CD with a program on it that takes care of downloading pictures to your computer. Once installed it’s all done automatically when you plug the camera into the computer’s USB socket. Then you can enhance, print and share them. Kodak and Fuji provide a docking station that makes connectivity a one-touch operation and it even recharges the batteries while the camera’s sat in the cradle.

Nikon have taken things a stage further with their Coolpix camera where you can take advantage of their Fotoshare Web site. Here you can upload photos from your computer and arrange them into albums. Select a subject such as wedding or Christmas to give the album a customised design and then email friends or relatives to invite them to take a look. You can also select pictures to be printed via the on-line print ordering service. The program lets you know what size photos you can order from your pictures and posts photo quality prints to your home.
Other Internet companies offer similar facilities – you just need to go online, register and download the necessary software to get going

You’ll no doubt be entering the festive season with a series of dates booked in your diary for office parties, school pantos along with Christmas and New Year celebrations. Your digital camera is ideal for these social times, because you can show the pictures as soon as you take them and you can send them to your friends and relatives around the world with ease. You could even turn your photos into presents or how about sending your own personalised Christmas card?

So with your camera in hand lets look at how you can create a great Christmas photo.
The first thing to do is capture the picture and most digital cameras make the job easy. If you’re new to photography, simply select a Program mode and the camera takes all the exposure technicalities out of your hands, leaving you to concentrate on the portrait.

For indoor shots some cameras have the appropriately titled Party or portrait Mode. These ensure the camera’s flash fires to make the picture bright. All you have to do then is get the person to look good in the photo. When photographing children you’ll find they tend to smile unnaturally or pull a face when asked to pose, but there are ways around this to ensure you capture a more natural expression.

One tip I use is to ask them to look into the lens to find the “camera genie”. This obviously only works with younger children! They’ll start to stare intensely into the lens. Joke about the genie to make them smile or laugh and press the shutter. Not only will you get a better expression, but you’ll also find the eye contact perfect.

Most cameras have a red-eye reduction mode that fires a pre-flash to reduce the devil-inducing effect. Make sure this is switched on and showing a small eye icon on the LCD panel.

When you become more experienced try turning the flash off and using natural light from the window or room lighting. The mode appears as a small lightning symbol with line through it. Window light will cast a shadow on the unlit side of the portrait which can be reduce effectively using tin foil, spray mounted onto a large sheet of card. Position this reflector so it points at the subject from the shadow side. As you move the card you’ll see light reflect onto the person and the shadows disappear.

A question of balance
If you take pictures using room lighting you may need to switch the camera to a different white balance setting. This is usually automatic, but you can manually correct by setting the light bulb option when the pictures are coming out too yellow. You can also override auto to force a colour cast. A photo of children blowing out candles on a Christmas cake will look better with its natural orange colours.

With more experience, you’ll be able to switch to manual exposure mode and set the exposure to suit the subject. The exposure from the candles will make the background dark. Using the manual exposure setting or exposure compensation will improve the lighting and you can check the result using the LCD.

If you go into manual or aperture priority and select a large aperture, you can reduce the sharpness of the background to make your subject stand out.

Try using the camera’s zoom lens at the telephoto setting to magnify the subject and home in tightly on the face. Entry-level cameras have a 2x zoom while more sophisticated models have more powerful ranges often up as high as 8x.

Snow fun
The first sign of snow and children will be out sledging, building snowmen and throwing snowballs. Take this opportunity to get some great candid pictures (see our candid feature for some great ideas). But watch out for the pitfalls, snow is very bright and will fool the camera. We explained how to overcome this using your camera manually in an earlier article. The latest Nikon Coolpix cameras have a useful program scene mode called Snow that compensates automatically ensuring the snow appears lovely and white.

You could also consider using fill-flash by switching the flash on and forcing it to fire. This will ensure harsh shadows from reflective snow or bright sunlight don’t appear black across the face.

With all your pictures safely captured it’s time to share them. In the package that came with your camera you’re likely to find a CD with a program on it that takes care of downloading pictures to your computer. Once installed it’s all done automatically when you plug the camera into the computer’s USB socket. Then you can enhance, print and share them. Kodak and Fuji provide a docking station that makes connectivity a one-touch operation and it even recharges the batteries while the camera’s sat in the cradle.

Nikon have taken things a stage further with their Coolpix camera where you can take advantage of their Fotoshare Web site. Here you can upload photos from your computer and arrange them into albums. Select a subject such as wedding or Christmas to give the album a customised design and then email friends or relatives to invite them to take a look. You can also select pictures to be printed via the on-line print ordering service. The program lets you know what size photos you can order from your pictures and posts photo quality prints to your home.
Other Internet companies offer similar facilities – you just need to go online, register and download the necessary software to get going

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